Amber, fossilized tree resin, has captivated humans for millennia with its warm glow and intriguing history. However, the popularity of amber has led to a surge in counterfeits. Learning to distinguish genuine amber from imitations is crucial, whether you're a collector, jeweler, or simply a discerning buyer. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of how to identify real amber, equipping you with the knowledge to make informed decisions.
What are the common ways to identify real amber?
Several methods can help you determine if a piece of amber is authentic. These tests range from simple visual inspections to more involved procedures. Let's explore some of the most effective techniques:
1. The Saltwater Test: A Simple Home Test
This is perhaps the most well-known and readily available test. It leverages the density of amber. Real amber is lighter than saltwater.
- How to do it: Mix a saturated solution of salt and water (approximately 1:4 ratio of salt to water, or until no more salt dissolves). Carefully place the amber in the solution. If it floats, it's likely real amber. If it sinks, it's probably a fake. Important Note: While this test is widely used, it's not foolproof. Some synthetic materials might also float, while some low-density real amber might sink. This test should be used in conjunction with other methods.
2. The Heat Test: Proceed with Caution
This test checks for amber's unique thermal properties. Amber softens when heated, emitting a distinct piney scent.
- How to do it: Gently heat a needle or pin with a lighter and touch it to an inconspicuous area of the amber. Real amber will slightly soften and smell faintly of pine resin. Be extremely cautious; excessive heat can damage the amber. This test is also not entirely reliable, as some plastics can mimic this behavior.
3. The UV Light Test: Unveiling Fluorescence
Many types of amber fluoresce (glow) under ultraviolet (UV) light. However, the fluorescence can vary significantly depending on the type of amber and the UV light source.
- How to do it: Expose the amber to a UV light source (available online or at some jewelry stores). Genuine amber often exhibits a bluish-white or yellowish-green fluorescence, though not all amber fluoresces. The absence of fluorescence doesn't automatically mean it's fake.
4. Examine for Inclusions: Nature's Fingerprint
Real amber often contains natural inclusions – tiny insects, plant matter, or air bubbles trapped within the resin millions of years ago. These inclusions are rarely perfectly symmetrical and add to the uniqueness of each piece.
- How to do it: Carefully examine the amber using a magnifying glass or jeweler's loupe. Look for irregularities, imperfections, and inclusions. Perfectly uniform pieces are often suspect. If you notice perfectly clear and uniform resin, you may be looking at a synthetic material.
5. Check for the "Friction Test": A Simple Smell Test
Rubbing the amber produces a static electrical charge. This can attract small bits of dust or paper. Although not definitive, it is a quick way to rule out some fake ambers that don't exhibit static properties.
- How to perform the test: Hold the suspected amber piece and rub it vigorously using a piece of fabric. Then, bring the amber near to small pieces of paper. If it attracts them, you are on the right track.
6. Consider the Price: Is It Too Good to Be True?
Authentic amber, especially pieces with significant size or unique inclusions, can be quite expensive. If the price seems too good to be true, it likely is. Be wary of exceptionally low prices, especially for larger pieces or those with claimed high-value inclusions.
H2: What are some common imitations of amber?
Many materials are used to create amber imitations, including:
- Copal: A younger form of resin that hasn't fully fossilized. It's often sold as amber, but it has different properties.
- Plastic: Various plastics are commonly used to imitate amber's appearance. These are often easily identifiable through density and heat tests.
- Glass: Glass can be crafted to resemble amber, but it lacks the inherent warmth and inclusions of real amber.
H2: Can I test amber at home? Are there any simple tests?
Yes, the saltwater and heat tests are relatively simple home tests. Remember to exercise caution with the heat test, and note that neither test is definitive on its own. A combination of tests provides a more reliable assessment.
H2: How can I be sure it's real amber?
While several tests can suggest authenticity, absolute certainty often requires expert examination. A gemologist or amber specialist can perform more advanced tests, such as refractive index measurements, to confirm the authenticity of your piece.
Conclusion: Becoming an Amber Expert
Identifying real amber requires a multifaceted approach. By combining visual inspection, simple home tests, and consideration of factors like price, you can significantly increase your chances of spotting a fake. Remember that even multiple positive tests are not a guarantee of authenticity and professional examination will be needed if you are planning to make a large investment. However, armed with this knowledge, you can approach the world of amber with greater confidence and appreciation.
