Plaque and tartar are both forms of dental buildup, but they're distinct entities with different properties and implications for oral health. Many people confuse them, but understanding the difference is crucial for effective oral hygiene. This article will clarify the distinction between plaque and tartar, explain how they form, and discuss their impact on your teeth and gums.
What is Plaque?
Plaque is a sticky, colorless film that constantly forms on your teeth. It's a complex mixture of bacteria, food particles, and saliva. This bacterial biofilm adheres to the tooth surface, and if left undisturbed, it can lead to various oral health problems. The key takeaway is that plaque is soft and easily removable with brushing and flossing.
What is Tartar (Calculus)?
Tartar, also known as calculus, is hardened plaque. Over time, the minerals in saliva (primarily calcium and phosphate) crystallize and bind to the soft plaque, transforming it into a hard, yellowish-brown deposit. Unlike plaque, tartar is much more difficult to remove and requires professional cleaning by a dentist. Its rough surface provides an even more hospitable environment for bacteria to thrive, exacerbating the risk of gum disease.
How Does Plaque Turn into Tartar?
The transformation of plaque into tartar is a gradual process, typically taking anywhere from a few days to several weeks. The longer plaque remains on the teeth, the higher the chance of mineralization and tartar formation. Factors influencing the speed of this process include:
- Oral hygiene: Inconsistent or inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque to accumulate more rapidly.
- Diet: A diet high in sugary and starchy foods provides ample fuel for bacteria, accelerating plaque buildup.
- Saliva composition: Individual variations in saliva composition can affect the rate of mineralization.
- Genetics: Some individuals are genetically predisposed to faster plaque buildup and tartar formation.
What are the Dangers of Plaque and Tartar?
Both plaque and tartar contribute to a range of oral health issues, including:
- Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding.
- Periodontitis: A more severe form of gum disease that can lead to tooth loss if left untreated.
- Cavities (Dental Caries): The acids produced by bacteria in plaque erode tooth enamel, leading to cavities.
- Bad breath (Halitosis): Bacteria in plaque and tartar produce volatile sulfur compounds, causing unpleasant breath odor.
How to Prevent Plaque and Tartar Buildup?
Maintaining good oral hygiene is paramount in preventing the formation of plaque and tartar. This involves:
- Brushing: Brush your teeth twice daily for at least two minutes each time, using fluoride toothpaste.
- Flossing: Floss daily to remove plaque and food particles from between your teeth.
- Regular Dental Checkups: Visit your dentist for professional cleanings and examinations at least twice a year. This is crucial for removing tartar that you can't remove at home.
- Diet: Limit sugary and starchy foods and drinks.
Is it Possible to Remove Tartar at Home?
No, you cannot effectively remove tartar at home. Its hardened nature makes it resistant to brushing and flossing. Only a dentist or hygienist can remove tartar using specialized tools during a professional cleaning. While you can prevent tartar formation by diligently removing plaque, established tartar requires professional intervention.
What Happens if I Don't Remove Plaque and Tartar?
Ignoring plaque and tartar buildup leads to a progressive deterioration of oral health. Gingivitis can develop into periodontitis, causing gum recession, bone loss, and ultimately, tooth loss. Regular professional cleanings are essential for preventing these serious complications.
In conclusion, while both plaque and tartar are detrimental to oral health, they are distinct entities. Plaque is soft and removable with good oral hygiene practices, while tartar is hardened plaque that requires professional removal. Prioritizing consistent brushing, flossing, and regular dental checkups is vital for preventing both and maintaining optimal oral health.
