Both Quakers (members of the Religious Society of Friends) and Amish are Anabaptist groups, sharing a common ancestor in the Radical Reformation of the 16th century. However, significant differences in their beliefs, practices, and lifestyles distinguish these two communities. This article will explore those key distinctions, answering common questions people have about these unique groups.
What are the core beliefs of Quakers and Amish?
Both groups emphasize a direct, personal relationship with God, rejecting the need for intermediaries like priests or clergy. They also share a commitment to pacifism and simple living, though the interpretations and expressions of these values differ significantly.
Quakers: Center their faith on the "Inner Light," a divine presence within each person guiding them towards truth and righteousness. They believe in the priesthood of all believers, meaning everyone has direct access to God. This leads to a participatory worship style where silence and the prompting of the Spirit are central. Their beliefs emphasize social justice and equality, often leading to active involvement in peace activism and social reform movements.
Amish: Their beliefs are rooted in a literal interpretation of the Bible, emphasizing community, humility, and separation from the "worldly" influences of modern society. They believe in a strict separation of church and state, avoiding involvement in politics and government. Their worship services are conducted in German (usually Pennsylvania Dutch) and are characterized by sermons, prayer, and hymn singing.
What are the key differences in their lifestyles?
The most striking difference lies in their level of engagement with modern technology and the wider world.
Quakers: While valuing simplicity, Quakers generally have more freedom in their lifestyle choices. Many live in urban areas, are involved in diverse professions, and use modern technology. There's a wide spectrum of views and practices within Quakerism, with some congregations being more traditional and others quite progressive.
Amish: The Amish maintain a very strict separation from modern technology and the outside world. They reject electricity, automobiles, and many other forms of technology, relying instead on horse-drawn buggies, hand tools, and simple living arrangements. Their communities are self-sufficient, with members primarily engaging in agriculture and traditional crafts. They also maintain a strong emphasis on community and family, with close-knit social structures and a strong sense of shared identity.
How do their worship services differ?
Quakers: Quaker worship services are characterized by silent waiting upon God, where individuals may feel moved to speak or share a message if the Spirit leads them. There is no set liturgy or ordained ministry; the service is highly participatory and guided by the intuition and inspiration of those present. Silence is considered a vital part of their worship, enabling a direct connection with God.
Amish: Amish worship services are more structured and traditional, held in private homes or church buildings (meetinghouses). They typically involve sermon readings, prayer, and the singing of hymns in Pennsylvania Dutch. The services are led by a bishop or minister, who is chosen by the community. Their worship focuses on the communal experience and the preservation of their traditional faith.
Do Quakers and Amish practice baptism?
Both groups have distinct approaches to baptism.
Quakers: Do not practice infant baptism, viewing baptism as a symbolic act of spiritual cleansing and commitment rather than a ritualistic sacrament. Some Quakers participate in a form of "affirmation" or joining the community, but it is not considered a formal baptism.
Amish: Practice adult baptism, typically performed by immersion, after a period of spiritual instruction and commitment. It marks a significant turning point in their faith journey and is seen as an outward symbol of their inner transformation.
Are Quakers and Amish pacifists?
Both groups historically adhere to pacifism, but the expression differs.
Quakers: Historically and currently maintain a strong commitment to pacifism, often actively involved in peace activism and advocating for non-violent conflict resolution. This commitment extends to refusing military service and advocating for peace-building initiatives worldwide.
Amish: Also generally pacifist, but their commitment manifests in avoiding military service and maintaining a separate life removed from worldly conflicts. Their pacifism is primarily expressed through their chosen lifestyle and separation from the broader society rather than through organized activism.
This comparison offers a clearer understanding of the distinctions between Quakers and Amish, highlighting their shared Anabaptist roots while emphasizing their diverging paths and unique expressions of faith. While both communities value simplicity and a strong connection to their faith, their lifestyles and practices have evolved differently over the centuries.
