Calcium hydroxide, also known as slaked lime or hydrated lime, is a widely used chemical compound with various applications in construction, agriculture, and industry. Understanding its safety profile is crucial for safe handling and usage. This comprehensive safety data sheet provides detailed information to ensure safe practices.
What is Calcium Hydroxide?
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) is an inorganic compound that appears as a white powder or colorless crystals. It's produced by the reaction of quicklime (calcium oxide) with water, a process known as slaking. Its properties include alkalinity, low solubility in water, and a tendency to absorb carbon dioxide from the air.
Calcium Hydroxide Hazards Identification
While calcium hydroxide isn't considered highly toxic in the same vein as some other chemicals, it still presents certain hazards:
- Skin and Eye Contact: Direct contact can cause irritation, burns, and redness. The severity depends on concentration and duration of exposure.
- Inhalation: Inhalation of calcium hydroxide dust can irritate the respiratory system, potentially leading to coughing, shortness of breath, and even more serious conditions in high concentrations.
- Ingestion: Ingesting calcium hydroxide can cause irritation and burns to the mouth, esophagus, and stomach. This can lead to nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Severity: The severity of these effects depends on the concentration of calcium hydroxide, the duration of exposure, and individual sensitivity. Chronic exposure to calcium hydroxide dust can lead to more significant respiratory problems.
First-Aid Measures
Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water. For significant burns, seek immediate medical attention.
Inhalation: Move the person to fresh air. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
Ingestion: Do NOT induce vomiting. Rinse the mouth with water. Drink plenty of water. Seek immediate medical attention.
H2: What are the long-term health effects of calcium hydroxide exposure?
Long-term exposure to calcium hydroxide dust can lead to chronic respiratory problems like bronchitis and silicosis (if silica is present as an impurity). Skin exposure over extended periods might result in dermatitis. It's important to note that these are typically associated with high-level, prolonged occupational exposure and are less likely with casual contact.
H2: What are the environmental hazards associated with calcium hydroxide?
While not acutely toxic to the environment, large quantities of calcium hydroxide can affect water pH, making it more alkaline. This can harm aquatic life. Proper disposal methods are crucial to prevent environmental damage. Disposal should follow local regulations.
H2: What are the appropriate safety precautions when handling calcium hydroxide?
Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including:
- Eye protection: Safety glasses or goggles.
- Respiratory protection: A dust mask or respirator, especially when handling dust.
- Gloves: Chemical-resistant gloves.
- Clothing: Protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
Handle calcium hydroxide in well-ventilated areas. Avoid generating dust. Use appropriate engineering controls to minimize exposure. Always refer to the specific safety data sheet provided by your supplier as formulations and therefore hazards might vary.
H2: What is the difference between calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide?
Calcium oxide (quicklime) is highly reactive with water, generating significant heat and forming calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) in the process. Calcium hydroxide is the hydrated form of calcium oxide, and it is less reactive. Both substances share some similar safety concerns, primarily related to alkaline burns, but calcium oxide poses a greater risk of thermal burns due to its exothermic reaction with water.
H2: How should calcium hydroxide be stored and disposed of?
Store calcium hydroxide in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible materials. Keep the container tightly closed. Dispose of calcium hydroxide according to local and national regulations. Never dispose of it down the drain.
Disclaimer: This information is for general guidance only and does not constitute professional safety advice. Always refer to the specific safety data sheet provided by your supplier for the most accurate and up-to-date information. Consult with a safety professional for guidance on specific workplace situations.
